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Open Data: 8 Principles

(source: https://opengovdata.org)

Complete

  • Bulk data format (so entire dataset can be acquired) - not only via API or page-by-page viewing
  • Made available (if it is not subject to privacy, security, or privilege limitations)
  • Assets made electronically available whenever possible

Primary

  • Collected at the source
  • Highest possible level of granularity (not in aggregate or modified forms)

Timely

  • Made available as quickly as necessary to preserve the value of the data

Accessible

  • Made available to the widest range of users for the widest range of purposes via the internet
  • Accessible to disabled people
  • Not software platform-specific
  • Published with current industry standard protocols and formats (e.g. JSON, CSV, Socrata, Shapefile)
  • NOT accessible if only retrievable through navigating web forms, or if automated tools are not permitted access because of robots.txt file (or other policy/technological restrictions)

Machine Processable

  • Reasonably structured so a computer can easily process it without human intervention
  • Unique identifiers (reference numbers used to identify unique individuals, entities or locations) are used within and across data sets --> improves the quality and accuracy of data analysis
  • Properly encoded: tabular and normalized when necessary (images of text are not a substitute for the text itself)
  • Sufficient documentation on the data format and meanings of normalized data items must be available to users of the data
  • Should be in formats & approaches that promote analysis and reuse of the data (the public should be able to carry out their own analysis on the data)

Non-discriminatory

  • Available to anyone, with no requirement of registration
  • Anonymous access to the data must be allowed for public data, including access through anonymous proxies (should not be hidden behind "walled gardens")

Non-proprietary

  • Available in a format over which no entity has exclusive control

License-free

  • not subject to any copyright, patent, trademark or trade secret regulation (Reasonable privacy, security and privilege restrictions may be allowed)
  • Data for which no restrictions apply should be marked clearly as being in the public domain