EYNTK about Perl

Developed in 1987
latest version is 5
cross platform language
version 6 became another language called Raku
loosely typed language ([[Loosely vs Strongly Typed]])
interpreted language ([[Interpreted vs Compiled Languages]])
dynamic typed language ([[Dynamic vs Static Typed]])
scripting language ([[Scripting vs Programming Language]])
known for powerful text processing abilities
Is called a glue language
Commonly used to write CGI scripts ([[Common Gateway Interface]])
Used by high traffic sites like DuckDuckGo, Booking.com, and Craigslist
Syntactically resembles C
Syntax can be very compressed
Contains a lot of primitive types
variables are declared with a $ prefix
$ variables are called scalars, meaning they only contain a single value
uses my and our as access specifiers to be private and public respectively ([[Access Specifiers]])
arrays are declared with the @ prefix
uses bracket [] access with index for arrays
hashes are declared with the % prefix
uses brace {} access with key for hashes
conditional statements use if , elsif and unless
can use the ternary ? operator
functions are called subroutines and defined as sub name {}
parameters are defined inside the logic of subroutines using @_:

sub PerWillBeFunTheySaid {
	print "this is a function\n";
	my ($n1, $n2) = @_;

	print $n1 + $n2;
}

Regex is built into Perl which comes with a binding operator =~ that allows a string to be matched with a regular expression
Comes with autovivification which will create all the elements in an array which do not yet exists if the value at an index that does not exists in an array is incremented

Sr.No.	Types & Description
1	Scalar Scalars are simple variables. They are preceded by a dollar sign ($). A scalar is either a number, a string, or a reference. A reference is actually an address of a variable, which we will see in the upcoming chapters.
2	Arrays Arrays are ordered lists of scalars that you access with a numeric index, which starts with 0. They are preceded by an "at" sign (@).
3	Hashes Hashes are unordered sets of key/value pairs that you access using the keys as subscripts. They are preceded by a percent sign (%).

Escape sequence	Meaning
\|Backslash
'	Single quote
"	Double quote
\a	Alert or bell
\b	Backspace
\f	Form feed
\n	Newline
\r	Carriage return
\t	Horizontal tab
\v	Vertical tab
\0nn	Creates Octal formatted numbers
\xnn	Creates Hexideciamal formatted numbers
\cX	Controls characters, x may be any character
\u	Forces next character to uppercase
\l	Forces next character to lowercase
\U	Forces all following characters to uppercase
\L	Forces all following characters to lowercase
\Q	Backslash all following non-alphanumeric characters
\E	End \U, \L, or \Q

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