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<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LazyLutra/imgBed/main/Java-Collections%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0.png" alt="分类 ———— 沉默王二"></p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LazyLutra/imgBed/main/Java%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6.png" alt="概述导图"></p>
<p>Java集合定义了两种基本的数据结构：</p>
<ol>
<li>Collection：表示一组对象的集合；</li>
<li>Map：使用kay-value存储，表示对象间的一系列映射或关联关系。</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="数组和集合的区别">数组和集合的区别</h3>
<ol>
<li>容纳元素的区别</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>数组：可以存储基本数据类型和引用数据类型</li>
<li>集合：只能存储引用数据类型（如果存储的是Int类型，会自动封装为Integer）</li>
</ul>
<ol start="2">
<li>长度的区别</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>数组：长度是固定的，需要提前声明</li>
<li>集合：长度可变</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="List，Set，Map三者的区别">List，Set，Map三者的区别</h3>
<ol>
<li><strong>List</strong>：有序的对象集合。<br>
列表中每个元素有特定的位置，可以使用下标操作元素；元素可以重复。</li>
<li><strong>Set</strong>：无序的对象集合。<br>
不可以使用下标操作元素；元素不可重复。</li>
<li><strong>Map</strong>：无序的对象集合。<br>
使用 key-value 形式存储对象，其中 key 无序且不可重复，value 无序可重复。</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="List">List</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>类名</th>
<th>表示方式</th>
<th>首次出现版本</th>
<th>随机访问</th>
<th>备注</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>ArrayList</td>
<td>数组</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>支持</td>
<td>最佳全能实现</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LinkedList</td>
<td>双向链表</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>不支持</td>
<td>高效插入和删除</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CopyOnWrite<br>ArrayList</td>
<td>数组</td>
<td>5.0</td>
<td>支持</td>
<td>线程安全；遍历快，修改慢</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="Set">Set</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>类</th>
<th>内部表示</th>
<th>首次出现版本</th>
<th>元素顺序</th>
<th>成员限制</th>
<th>基本操作</th>
<th>迭代性能</th>
<th>备注</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>HashSet</td>
<td>HashMap</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>无</td>
<td>无</td>
<td><i>O(1)</i></td>
<td><i>O(capacity)</i>（根据容量确定）</td>
<td>最佳通用实现</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Linked<br>HashSet</td>
<td>Linked<br>HashMap</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>插入的顺序</td>
<td>无</td>
<td><i>O(1)</i></td>
<td><i>O(n)</i></td>
<td>保留插入的顺序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TreeSet</td>
<td>红黑树</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>升序排列</td>
<td>可比较</td>
<td><i>O(log(n))</i></td>
<td><i>O(n)</i></td>
<td>元素所属类型需实现 Comparable 或 Comparator 接口</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="Map">Map</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>类</th>
<th>表示方式</th>
<th>首次出现版本</th>
<th>key 是否可以为空</th>
<th>value 是否可以为空</th>
<th>备注</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>HashMap</td>
<td>HashMap</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>是</td>
<td>是</td>
<td>通用实现</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Concurrent<br>HashMap</td>
<td>HashMap</td>
<td>5.2</td>
<td>否</td>
<td>否 </td>
<td>线程安全实现</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ConcurrentSkip<br>ListMap</td>
<td>HashMap</td>
<td>6.2</td>
<td>否</td>
<td>否</td>
<td>专用的线程安全实现</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>EnumMap</td>
<td>数组</td>
<td>5.0</td>
<td>否</td>
<td>是</td>
<td>key是枚举类型</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LinkedHashMap</td>
<td>HashMap加列表</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>是</td>
<td>是</td>
<td>保留插入或访问顺序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TreeMap</td>
<td>红黑树</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>否</td>
<td>是</td>
<td>按照key排序。操作耗时为<i>O(log(n))</i>。参见SortedMap接口。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>WeakHashMap</td>
<td>HashMap</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>是</td>
<td>是</td>
<td>不会阻止垃圾回收key。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HashTable</td>
<td>HashMap</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>否</td>
<td>否</td>
<td>过时的类；同步的方法，不使用。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Properties</td>
<td>HashMap</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>否</td>
<td>否</td>
<td>使用 String 类的方法扩展 HashTable 接口。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Identity<br>HashMap</td>
<td>HashMap</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>是</td>
<td>是</td>
<td>比较时使用 == ，而不是用 equals()。</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="List-2">List</h2>
<h3 id="List集合总结">List集合总结</h3>
<p><strong>ArrayList</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li>底层使用数组实现</li>
<li>初始化时，默认容量为10，每次扩容的时增加原有容量的一半</li>
<li>进行增删操作时，需要数组的拷贝复制（navite方法由C/C++实现）</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>LinkedList</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li>底层实现使用双向链表（方便向前遍历）</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Vector</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li>底层使用数组实现，现在被ArrayList替代，原因如下：
<ul>
<li>所有方法都是同步的，<strong>性能有所损失</strong></li>
<li>初始容量为10，超过时以100%的比率增加，<strong>会比ArrayList消耗更多内存</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>总的来说，<strong>查询多</strong>用 <code>ArrayList</code> ，<strong>增删多</strong>用 <code>LinkedList</code>。</p>
<p>ArrayList的增删慢是大多数情况，在下列极端情况时，增删速度要优于LinkedList：</p>
<ol>
<li>如果一直使用 <strong>add()</strong> 增加元素（每次都增加到末尾）</li>
<li>一直删除 <strong>末尾元素</strong> 时（不需要移动位置）</li>
<li>删除 <strong>中间位置的元素</strong> 时</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="ArrayList">ArrayList</h3>
<h4 id="Diagrams">Diagrams</h4>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LazyLutra/imgBed/main/arratListDiagrams.png" alt="Diagrams"></p>
<h2 id="参考-6">参考</h2>
<ul>
<li>[1] <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://javaguide.cn/java/collection/java%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86&%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E9%A2%98%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/">Java集合框架基础知识&面试题总结 —— JavaGuide</a></li>
</ul>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="mailto:undefined">huy</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="http://example.com/21079.html">http://example.com/21079.html</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="http://example.com" target="_blank">征蓬</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/Java/">Java</a></div><div class="post_share"><div class="social-share" data-image="/pics/scenery/08.png" data-sites="facebook,twitter,wechat,weibo,qq"></div><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://jsdelivr.pai233.top/npm/social-share.js/dist/css/share.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"><script src="https://jsdelivr.pai233.top/npm/social-share.js/dist/js/social-share.min.js" defer></script></div></div><div class="relatedPosts"><div class="headline"><i class="fas fa-thumbs-up fa-fw"></i><span>相关推荐</span></div><div class="relatedPosts-list"><div><a href="/31868.html" title="反射"><img class="cover" src="/pics/scenery/17.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2021-01-28</div><div class="title">反射</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/28665.html" title="注解"><img class="cover" src="/pics/scenery/20.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2021-01-19</div><div class="title">注解</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/20128.html" title="基础"><img class="cover" src="/pics/scenery/09.png" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2021-10-19</div><div class="title">基础</div></div></a></div><div><a href="/4876.html" title="异常"><img class="cover" src="/pics/scenery/27.jpg" alt="cover"><div class="content is-center"><div class="date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i> 2021-12-20</div><div class="title">异常</div></div></a></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%EF%BC%88Collection%EF%BC%89%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">集合（Collection）概述</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%92%8C%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数组和集合的区别</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#List%EF%BC%8CSet%EF%BC%8CMap%E4%B8%89%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">List，Set，Map三者的区别</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#List"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">List</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Set"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Set</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Map"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">Map</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#List-2"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">List</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#List%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">List集合总结</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ArrayList"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">ArrayList</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#Diagrams"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Diagrams</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83-6"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考</span></a></li></ol></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" style="background-image: url('/pics/scenery/08.png')"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">©2021 - 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