presentation-basic-GNU-linux-commands.md

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true	true				**20/10/2021 - AnthonyF**	AnthonyF

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Basic GNU/Linux commands

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Table of Contents

• Navigation in a shell
• Files and directories
• Writing and displaying

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FHS (Filesytem Hierarchy Standard)

FHS is a directory structure used by every Linux distros. More info

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Navigation in a shell

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ls

List directory contents.

GNU coreutils, (1) General commands

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Useful options with ls

Arguments	Description
-l	More information in list format.
-a	Hidden files.
-R	Recursive, list files in sub-directories.
-lSh	Sort by size with human readable.
-i	Inodes.
-n	Numeric UID and GID.

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cd

Change the working directory.

Built in shell command, no proper man type cd help cd man builtins

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Useful commands with cd

Commands	Description
cd ..	Go to parrent directory.
cd -	Go back to the previous working directory
cd or cd ~	Go the home directory.

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pwd

Print name of current working directory.

GNU coreutils, (1) General commands

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Files and directories

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mkdir

Create/make directories. Usage : mkdir directory

GNU coreutiles, (1) General commands

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Useful options with mkdir

Options	Description
-p	Create parents directories if don't exist.

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rm

Remove files or directories.

GNU coreutils, (1) General commands

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Useful options with rm

Options	Description
-i	Alert before every removal.
-d	Remove only empty directory.
-r	Remove directories and their contents recursively.

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cp

Copy files and directories. Usage : cp source destination

GNU coreutils, (1) General commands

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Useful options with cp

Options	Description
-d	No deference, preserve links.
-r	Copy recursively.
-a	Same as -dr.

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mv

Move or rename files and directories.

GNU coreutils, (1) General commands

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Writing and displaying

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touch

Change file timestamps. Can also create an empty file.

GNU coreutils, (1) General commands

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cat

Concatenate files and print on the standard output. Can also create and write in files.

GNU coreutils, (1) General commands

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Read a file

cat file

Write in a file

cat > file

Stop writing with Ctrl + c

Add in a file

cat >> file

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Bonus "Here document"

cat > file << EOF

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head

Output the first part of files.

GNU coreutils, (1) General commands

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Useful options with head

Options	Description
-n NUM	Print the first NUM lines.
-n -NUM	Print all but not the last NUM lines.

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tail

Output the last part of files.

GNU coreutils, (1) General commands

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Useful options with tail

Options	Description
-n NUM	Print the last NUM lines.
-n +NUM	Print starting at line NUM.
-f	Output appended data as the file grows.

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Thank you !