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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<!--
Virtual Philips MicrocomputerLab MC6400 & National Semiconductor INS8070 emulator.
Implemented with pure JavaScript+HTML+CSS.
No fuss, no bloat.
https://github.com/ThorstenBr/MasterLab-MC6400
Copyright 2024 Thorsten Brehm, brehmt (at) gmail com
-->
<title>MC6400</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/mc6400.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/7segment.css">
<body>
<center>
<h1>Philips MicroComputerLab MC6400<br>Emulator/Virtual Hardware</h1>
<!-- images -->
<table class="LINKS smoothshadow" width="80%">
<tr>
<th>Introduction</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<center>
<table class="IMAGES">
<tr>
<td><img src="images/MC6400_MasterLab1.jpg"></td>
<td><img src="images/MC6400_MasterLab2.jpg"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
The Philips 6400 Microcomputer Master Lab, also named "MC6400", was introduced in 1983.
It is computer training and teaching device, integrated in the Philips electronics lab kit series.
The system was fully programmable through its alphanumeric keyboard.
It had a two inputs and three outputs to connect with electronics experiments based on the kit series.
The kit series was popular in Europe, mainly in the Netherlands and Germany.
<br>
<br>
The MC6400 was developed in Germany by Erhard Meyer, a teacher normally working at Hamburg's teacher training institute.
As to be expected from someone with a professional school teaching background,
it came with a very thorough training manual,
teaching the topic of computers, programming and electronics from the very bottom up.
Unlike the rest of the series, as far as known, the manual was not translated, and this kit was only sold in German.
<br>
<br>
The kit was produced and distributed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gama_Toys">GAMA (Georg Adam Mangold)</a>,
a German toy manufacturer, which had taken over the electronics kit business from Philips in the early 1980s.
Initially still selling under the "Philips" brand, as of 1985 GAMA switched the entire kit series to use their
own "Schuco" brand instead.
The MC6400 was not a great sales success. By the mid 1980s other computers, especially the C64, were already dominating,
leaving very little market share for dedicated computer training kits.
<br>
<br>
The device was based on the National Semiconductor CPU "INS8070".
It features an 8bit hardware interface, internal 16bit registers and runs at 1MHz.
The microcontroller had 64byte of internal RAM, an external 8bit data / 16bit address bus,
two input I/O ports and three output ports.
The MC6400 board came with 2KB of additional external RAM and 4KB of external ROM.
The INS8070 instruction set is similar to many other CPUs of the time - but does have a number of
unusual quirks (all jump target addresses off by 1, status register without a zero flag,
no dedicated instructions to manipulate flags and awkwardly complex
"<i>search in memory</i>" instruction).
<br>
<br>
The virtual MC6400 below is an (almost) fully functional hardware emulator.
It emulates the CPU and the default MC6400 board hardware with its displays and buttons.
<br>
<br>
The CPU status display, disassembler and memory viewer below were, of course, not available with the
original device.
<br>
<br>
<center>
<font size="+3" color="red">Hit the ON/OFF (0/1) button below to start!</font>
</center>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<!-- documentation panels -->
<table class="DOCUMENTATION smoothshadow">
<tr>
<td>
<b>Start/Programs</b><br>
- Main switch to <b>1</b><br>
- Display: HALLO<br>
- Press SP<br>
- Display: SPIELE<br>
- Select program 0 - B<br>
- Program shown on display<br>
- End program: press RS<br>
- New program: press SP
</td>
<td>
<b>Programs/Games</b><br>
0 = Marquee<br>
1 = Traffic Lights<br>
2 = Blinking Light<br>
3 = Running Lights (→LED)<br>
4 = Decimal-/Binary-Numbers (→LED)<br>
5 = Clock Seconds<br>
6 = Siren<br>
7 = Dice (→SB to dice)<br>
8 = Lottery (→SA to select)<br>
9 = Power of 2<br>
A = Calculator<br>
B = Reaction Test
</td>
<td>
<b>Programming</b><br>
- Main switch to <b>1</b><br>
- Display: HALLO<br>
- Press A⇔D<br>
- Enter RAM address: 1000<br>
- Press A⇔D<br>
- Enter data: 00-FF<br>
- Press ME+ for next address<br>
- Enter next data byte<br>
- Repeat<br>
- Press A⇔D<br>
- Enter start address<br>
- Press RUN
</td>
<td>
<b>Inspect CPU registers</b><br>
- Press CPU<br>
- Display: CPU?<br>
- Press 0 for PC<br>
- Press 1 for SP<br>
- Press 2 for P2<br>
- Press 3 for P3<br>
- Press 4 for T<br>
- Press 5 for S (flags)<br>
- Press 6 for A<br>
- Press 7 for E<br>
- Press 0-F to edit
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<!-- MC6400 hardware panel -->
<table class="MC6400 smoothshadow">
<tr class="LOGO">
<td>PHILIPS</td>
<td colspan="3"> </td>
<td><img height="40px" src="images/logo.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table>
<tr><td></td><td>SSA</td></tr>
<tr><td class="segments">
<table class="segmentarray"><tr>
<td>
<div class="seg" id="digit7">
<div class="segment DP"></div><div class="segment A"></div><div class="segment B"></div><div class="segment C"></div><div class="segment D"></div>
<div class="segment E"></div><div class="segment F"></div><div class="segment G"></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div class="seg" id="digit6">
<div class="segment DP"></div><div class="segment A"></div><div class="segment B"></div><div class="segment C"></div><div class="segment D"></div>
<div class="segment E"></div><div class="segment F"></div><div class="segment G"></div>
</div>
<td>
<div class="seg" id="digit5">
<div class="segment DP"></div><div class="segment A"></div><div class="segment B"></div><div class="segment C"></div><div class="segment D"></div>
<div class="segment E"></div><div class="segment F"></div><div class="segment G"></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div class="seg" id="digit4">
<div class="segment DP"></div><div class="segment A"></div><div class="segment B"></div><div class="segment C"></div><div class="segment D"></div>
<div class="segment E"></div><div class="segment F"></div><div class="segment G"></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div class="seg" id="digit3">
<div class="segment DP"></div><div class="segment A"></div><div class="segment B"></div><div class="segment C"></div><div class="segment D"></div>
<div class="segment E"></div><div class="segment F"></div><div class="segment G"></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div class="seg" id="digit2">
<div class="segment DP"></div><div class="segment A"></div><div class="segment B"></div><div class="segment C"></div><div class="segment D"></div>
<div class="segment E"></div><div class="segment F"></div><div class="segment G"></div>
</div>
<td>
<div class="seg" id="digit1">
<div class="segment DP"></div><div class="segment A"></div><div class="segment B"></div><div class="segment C"></div><div class="segment D"></div>
<div class="segment E"></div><div class="segment F"></div><div class="segment G"></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div class="seg" id="digit0">
<div class="segment DP"></div><div class="segment A"></div><div class="segment B"></div><div class="segment C"></div><div class="segment D"></div>
<div class="segment E"></div><div class="segment F"></div><div class="segment G"></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr></table>
</td>
<td title="Toggle digit 3 between 7-segment display and LED array">
<label class="switch">
<input id="SSD_LED" type="checkbox" checked>
<span class="slider"></span>
</label>
</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>LED</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td>
<table class="leds">
<tr class="led_row">
<td><input id="LED7" type="checkbox"><span title="LED 7" class="dot red"></span></td>
<td><input id="LED6" type="checkbox"><span title="LED 6" class="dot red"></span></td>
<td><input id="LED5" type="checkbox"><span title="LED 5" class="dot red"></span></td>
<td><input id="LED4" type="checkbox"><span title="LED 4" class="dot red"></span></td>
<td> </td>
<td><input id="LED3" type="checkbox"><span title="LED 3" class="dot red"></span></td>
<td><input id="LED2" type="checkbox"><span title="LED 2" class="dot red"></span></td>
<td><input id="LED1" type="checkbox"><span title="LED 1" class="dot red"></span></td>
<td><input id="LED0" type="checkbox"><span title="LED 0" class="dot red"></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>4</td>
<td> </td>
<td>3</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
</table>
</td>
<td class="switches">
<table>
<tr><td>0</td></tr>
<tr><td title="power on/off">
<label class="switch">
<input id="POWER" type="checkbox" checked>
<span class="slider"></span>
</label>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td>RS</td></tr>
<tr><td id="RESET" title="CPU reset"></td></tr>
</table>
</td>
<td class="cpuio">
<table>
<tr><td>F3</td>
<td><input id="F3" type="checkbox"><span title="output/status flag F3" class="dot red"></span></td></tr>
<tr><td>F2</td>
<td><input id="F2" type="checkbox"><span title="output/status flag F2" class="dot yellow"></span></td></tr>
<tr><td>F1</td>
<td><input id="F1" type="checkbox"><span title="output/status flag F1" class="dot green"></span></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">SA</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" id="SA" title="input: sensor A"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">SB</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" id="SB" title="input: sensor B"></td></tr>
</table>
</td>
<td class="alphanum">
<table id="ALPHANUMKEYS">
<tr><td>C</td><td>D</td><td>E</td><td>F</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>A</td><td>B</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</table>
</td>
<td class="control">
<table id="FUNCTIONKEYS">
<tr><td style="letter-spacing: -1px;">A↔D</td><td>SV</td></tr> <tr><td title="memory editor (address / data)"></td><td title="save to tape"></td></tr>
<tr><td>RUN</td><td>LD</td></tr> <tr><td title="run program at current address"></td><td title="load from tape"></td></tr>
<tr><td>ME−</td><td>CPU</td></tr> <tr><td title="decrease memory address"></td><td title="inspect CPU registers"></td></tr>
<tr><td>ME+</td><td>SP</td></tr> <tr><td title="increase memory address"></td><td title="select program"></td></tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<!-- CPU / debugging windows -->
<table class="DEBUGGER"><tr><td>
<table class="CPU smoothshadow">
<tr><th colspan="2">CPU Status<font size="-1" color="gray"><i><br>National Semiconductor INS8070</i></font></th></tr>
<tr><td>EA:</td><td id="R_EA">0000</td></tr>
<tr><td>T:</td><td id="R_T">0000</td></tr>
<tr><td>S:</td><td id="R_S"></td></tr>
<tr><td>FLAGS:</td><td id="FLAGS"></td></tr>
<tr><td>PC:</td><td id="R_PC">0000</td></tr>
<tr><td>SP:</td><td id="R_SP">0000</td></tr>
<tr><td>P2:</td><td id="R_P2">0000</td></tr>
<tr><td>P3:</td><td id="R_P3">0000</td></tr>
<tr><td>CYCLES:</td><td id="CPU_CYCLES"></td></tr>
<tr><td>OPCODE:</td><td id="OPCODE"></td></tr>
<tr><td>INSTR:</td><td id="INSTRUCTION"></td></tr>
<tr><td id="CPU_CONTROL" colspan="2">
<button id="CPU_START" title="Launch the CPU execution">RUN</button>
<button id="CPU_HALT" title="Halt CPU execution">HALT</button>
<button id="CPU_STEP" title="CPU execution single step">STEP</button>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>BP:</td><td><input type="text" id="BREAKPOINT" title="enter address where to halt the CPU" placeholder="breakpoint" maxlength="4" size="10"></input></td></tr>
</table>
</td>
<td>
<table class="DISASSEMBLER smoothshadow">
<tr><th colspan="2">Disassembler<font size="-1" color="gray"><i><br>ROM: 0000-0FFF, RAM: 1000-13FF.</i></font></th></tr>
<tr><th>Address:</th>
<td><input type="text" title="Enter address to disassemble or PC, P2, P3, SP, T or EA."
id="DIS_ADDRESS" name="DIS_ADDRESS" value="PC" maxlength="4" size="4"/></td>
</tr>
<tr><td id="DISASSEMBLER" colspan="2"></td></tr>
</table>
</td>
<td>
<table class="MEMORY smoothshadow">
<tr><th colspan="2">Memory Viewer<font size="-1" color="gray"><i><br>ROM: 0000-0FFF, RAM: 1000-13FF, iRAM/STACK: FFC0-FFFF.</i></font></th></tr>
<tr><th>Address:</th>
<td><input type="text" title="Enter memory address or PC, P2, P3, SP, T or EA."
id="ADDRESS" name="ADDRESS" value="SP" maxlength="4" size="4"/></td>
</tr>
<tr><td id="MEMORY" colspan="2"></td></tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<!-- internal logging/debugging panel -->
<!--
<table class="DISASSEMBLER"><tr>
<td id="log" style="font-family: mono;"></td>
</tr></table>
-->
<table class="LINKS smoothshadow">
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Links</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>My GitHUB project:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/ThorstenBr/MasterLab-MC6400">https://github.com/ThorstenBr/MasterLab-MC6400</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>INS8070 Instruction Set Summary:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" href="http://norbert.old.no/papers/datasheet/INS8070InstructionSetSummary.pdf">http://norbert.old.no/papers/datasheet/INS8070InstructionSetSummary.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Video demonstrating the real hardware:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D79aGjK4ByY">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D79aGjK4ByY</a>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Photos:</td>
<td><a href="http://retro.hansotten.nl/electronic-kits-philips-and-more/philips-electronic-kits/microcomputerlab-ce6400/">http://retro.hansotten.nl/electronic-kits-philips-and-more/philips-electronic-kits/microcomputerlab-ce6400/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Links in German:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Extensive Documentation (German):</td>
<td><a target="_blank" href="http://norbert.old.no/extra/extra3.html">http://norbert.old.no/extra/extra3.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Original Manual (German):</td>
<td><a target="_blank" href="http://ee.old.no/library/6400-MC-de.pdf">http://ee.old.no/library/6400-MC-de.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Article in the <i>Classic Computing "LOAD"</i> Magazine:</td>
<td>
<a href="https://www.classic-computing.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/load10web.pdf">https://www.classic-computing.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/load10web.pdf</a> (see page 72)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br>
<br>
<hr>
© 2024 Thorsten Brehm. <a href="https://github.com/ThorstenBr/MasterLab-MC6400">https://github.com/ThorstenBr/MasterLab-MC6400</a>
</body>
<!-- Basic stuff -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/utilities.js"></script>
<!-- The INS8070 CPU emulation -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/ins8070_instructionset.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/ins8070.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/ins8070_disassembler.js"></script>
<!-- The MC6400 hardware emulation -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/7segment.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/mc6400_rom.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/mc6400.js"></script>
<!-- Tests --
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/tests.js"></script>
-- Tests -->
</html>