[SPARK-50647][INFRA] Add a daily build for PySpark with old dependencies

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Add a daily build for PySpark with old dependencies

### Why are the changes needed?
to guard the installation described in https://apache.github.io/spark/api/python/getting_started/install.html

The installation guide is outdated:

- pyspark-sql/connect requires
-- pyarrow>=11.0
-- numpy>=1.21
-- pandas>=2.0.0

- pyspark-pandas requires a even new versions of pandas/pyarrow/numpy
-- pyarrow>=11.0
-- numpy>=1.22.4
-- pandas>=2.2.0

This PR excludes PS: we can either

- make PS works in the old versions, and then add it in this workflow;
- or upgrade the minimum requirements, and add a separate workflow for it;

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
no, infra-only

### How was this patch tested?
PR build with
```
envs:
default: '{"PYSPARK_IMAGE_TO_TEST": "python-minimum", "PYTHON_TO_TEST": "python3.9"}'

jobs:
default: '{"pyspark": "true"}'
```

https://github.com/zhengruifeng/spark/runs/34827211339

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?
no

Closes #49267 from zhengruifeng/infra_py_old.

Authored-by: Ruifeng Zheng <ruifengz@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: Ruifeng Zheng <ruifengz@apache.org>

.github/workflows/build_infra_images_cache.yml

@@ -109,6 +109,19 @@ jobs:
       - name: Image digest (SparkR)
         if: hashFiles('dev/spark-test-image/sparkr/Dockerfile') != ''
         run: echo ${{ steps.docker_build_sparkr.outputs.digest }}
+      - name: Build and push (PySpark with old dependencies)
+        if: hashFiles('dev/spark-test-image/python-minimum/Dockerfile') != ''
+        id: docker_build_pyspark_python_minimum
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: ./dev/spark-test-image/python-minimum/
+          push: true
+          tags: ghcr.io/apache/spark/apache-spark-github-action-image-pyspark-python-minimum-cache:${{ github.ref_name }}-static
+          cache-from: type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/apache/spark/apache-spark-github-action-image-pyspark-python-minimum-cache:${{ github.ref_name }}
+          cache-to: type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/apache/spark/apache-spark-github-action-image-pyspark-python-minimum-cache:${{ github.ref_name }},mode=max
+      - name: Image digest (PySpark with old dependencies)
+        if: hashFiles('dev/spark-test-image/python-minimum/Dockerfile') != ''
+        run: echo ${{ steps.docker_build_pyspark_python_minimum.outputs.digest }}
       - name: Build and push (PySpark with PyPy 3.10)
         if: hashFiles('dev/spark-test-image/pypy-310/Dockerfile') != ''
         id: docker_build_pyspark_pypy_310

.github/workflows/build_python_minimum.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+#
+
+name: "Build / Python-only (master, Python with old dependencies)"
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 9 * * *'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  run-build:
+    permissions:
+      packages: write
+    name: Run
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build_and_test.yml
+    if: github.repository == 'apache/spark'
+    with:
+      java: 17
+      branch: master
+      hadoop: hadoop3
+      envs: >-
+        {
+          "PYSPARK_IMAGE_TO_TEST": "python-minimum",
+          "PYTHON_TO_TEST": "python3.9"
+        }
+      jobs: >-
+        {
+          "pyspark": "true"
+        }

dev/spark-test-image/python-minimum/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# Image for building and testing Spark branches. Based on Ubuntu 22.04.
+# See also in https://hub.docker.com/_/ubuntu
+FROM ubuntu:jammy-20240911.1
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.authors="Apache Spark project <dev@spark.apache.org>"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.licenses="Apache-2.0"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.ref.name="Apache Spark Infra Image For PySpark with old dependencies"
+# Overwrite this label to avoid exposing the underlying Ubuntu OS version label
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.version=""
+
+ENV FULL_REFRESH_DATE=20241223
+
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+ENV DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN=true
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    build-essential \
+    ca-certificates \
+    curl \
+    gfortran \
+    git \
+    gnupg \
+    libcurl4-openssl-dev \
+    libfontconfig1-dev \
+    libfreetype6-dev \
+    libfribidi-dev \
+    libgit2-dev \
+    libharfbuzz-dev \
+    libjpeg-dev \
+    liblapack-dev \
+    libopenblas-dev \
+    libpng-dev \
+    libpython3-dev \
+    libssl-dev \
+    libtiff5-dev \
+    libxml2-dev \
+    openjdk-17-jdk-headless \
+    pkg-config \
+    qpdf \
+    tzdata \
+    software-properties-common \
+    wget \
+    zlib1g-dev
+
+
+# Should keep the installation consistent with https://apache.github.io/spark/api/python/getting_started/install.html
+
+# Install Python 3.9
+RUN add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    python3.9 \
+    python3.9-distutils \
+    && apt-get autoremove --purge -y \
+    && apt-get clean \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+
+ARG BASIC_PIP_PKGS="numpy==1.21 pyarrow==11.0.0 pandas==2.0.0 six==1.16.0 scipy scikit-learn coverage unittest-xml-reporting"
+# Python deps for Spark Connect
+ARG CONNECT_PIP_PKGS="grpcio==1.67.0 grpcio-status==1.67.0 googleapis-common-protos==1.65.0 graphviz==0.20 protobuf"
+
+# Install Python 3.9 packages
+RUN curl -sS https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.9
+RUN python3.9 -m pip install --force $BASIC_PIP_PKGS $CONNECT_PIP_PKGS && \
+    python3.9 -m pip cache purge