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<div class="post-date" data-datetime="2019-01-09T23:27:28+08:00">
<div class="post-time-text">1月</div>
<div class="post-time-count">09</div>
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<span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>
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2018-11-26
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2,291 (字)
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10 (分钟)
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<p>1年以前我就浅学过PHP，用<code>thinkPHP</code>框架开发起来确实比较轻松快捷流水化。最近闲来无事，再次回顾学习下这个世界上最好的语言。</p>
<h2 id="简介"><a href="#简介" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h2><p>PHP 是一种创建动态交互性站点的强有力的服务器端脚本语言。</p>
<h2 id="语法"><a href="#语法" class="headerlink" title="语法"></a>语法</h2><p>PHP 脚本在服务器上执行，然后将纯 HTML 结果发送回浏览器。</p>
<p>PHP 脚本可以放在文档中的任何位置。</p>
<p>PHP 脚本以 <?php 开始，以 ?> 结束。很多语言的语法都相类似。</p>
<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><!DOCTYPE html> </span><br><span class="line"><html> </span><br><span class="line"><body> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"Hello World!"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 单行注释</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">多行注释</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span> </span><br><span class="line"></body> </span><br><span class="line"></html></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<hr>
<a id="more"></a>
<h3 id="变量"><a href="#变量" class="headerlink" title="变量"></a>变量</h3><ul>
<li><p>变量以 $ 符号开始，后面跟着变量的名称</p>
</li>
<li><p>变量名必须以字母或者下划线字符开始</p>
</li>
<li><p>变量名只能包含字母数字字符以及下划线（A-z、0-9 和 _ ）</p>
</li>
<li><p>变量名不能包含空格</p>
</li>
<li><p>变量名是区分大小写的（$y 和 $Y 是两个不同的变量）</p>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>同js一样PHP也是弱类型脚本语言不需要声明变量的数据类型</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="作用域"><a href="#作用域" class="headerlink" title="作用域"></a>作用域</h3><ol>
<li>local 局部</li>
<li>global 全局</li>
<li>static 静态</li>
<li>parameter 参数</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span> </span><br><span class="line">$x=<span class="number">5</span>; <span class="comment">// 全局变量 </span></span><br><span class="line">$z=<span class="number">5</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">myTest</span><span class="params">()</span> </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{ </span><br><span class="line"> $y=<span class="number">10</span>; <span class="comment">// 局部变量 </span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">global</span> $x,$z; <span class="comment">// 函数内部访问全局变量需要加global关键字</span></span><br><span class="line"> $z=$x+$z;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 一样的效果$GLOBALS['z']=$GLOBALS['x']+$GLOBALS['z'];</span></span><br><span class="line">} </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">myTest(); </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"<p>测试函数外变量:<p>"</span>; </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"变量 x 为: $x"</span>; </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"<br>"</span>; </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"变量 y 为: $y"</span>; </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> $z; <span class="comment">// 10</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>当一个函数完成时，它的所有变量通常都会被删除。所以当需要时可以声明静态变量</p>
<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">myTest</span><span class="params">($y)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">static</span> $x=<span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> $x,$y; <span class="comment">// 参数变量</span></span><br><span class="line"> $x++;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">myTest(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">myTest(<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line">myTest(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="输出echo和print"><a href="#输出echo和print" class="headerlink" title="输出echo和print"></a>输出echo和print</h3><p>echo 和 print 区别:</p>
<ul>
<li>echo - 可以输出一个或多个字符串</li>
<li>print - 只允许输出一个字符串，返回值总为 1<blockquote>
<p>echo 输出的速度比 print 快， echo 没有返回值，print有返回值1。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="语句加分号"><a href="#语句加分号" class="headerlink" title="语句加分号"></a>语句加分号</h3><h3 id="数据类型"><a href="#数据类型" class="headerlink" title="数据类型"></a>数据类型</h3><ol>
<li>String（字符串）</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span> </span><br><span class="line">$txt1=<span class="string">"Hello"</span>; </span><br><span class="line">$txt2=<span class="string">"World"</span>; </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> $txt1 . <span class="string">" "</span> . $txt2; <span class="comment">// "Hello world"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> strlen(<span class="string">"Hello World!"</span>); <span class="comment">// 返回长度</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> strpos(<span class="string">"Hello World!"</span>,<span class="string">"World"</span>); <span class="comment">// 返回索引和js indexOf很像</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="2">
<li>Integer（整型）</li>
<li>Float（浮点型）</li>
<li>Boolean（布尔型）</li>
<li>Array（数组）<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line">$cars=<span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">"Volvo"</span>,<span class="string">"BMW"</span>,<span class="string">"Toyota"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> count($cars);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 数组遍历</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line">$cars=<span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">"Volvo"</span>,<span class="string">"BMW"</span>,<span class="string">"Toyota"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">$arrlength=count($cars);</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>($x=<span class="number">0</span>;$x<$arrlength;$x++)</span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> $cars[$x];</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"<br>"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 关联数组 object？</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line">$age=<span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">"Peter"</span>=><span class="string">"35"</span>,<span class="string">"Ben"</span>=><span class="string">"37"</span>,<span class="string">"Joe"</span>=><span class="string">"43"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"Peter is "</span> . $age[<span class="string">'Peter'</span>] . <span class="string">" years old."</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 遍历关联数组</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line">$age=<span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">"Peter"</span>=><span class="string">"35"</span>,<span class="string">"Ben"</span>=><span class="string">"37"</span>,<span class="string">"Joe"</span>=><span class="string">"43"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">foreach</span>($age <span class="keyword">as</span> $x=>$x_value)</span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"Key="</span> . $x . <span class="string">", Value="</span> . $x_value;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"<br>"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
数组排序函数</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>sort() - 对数组进行升序排列</li>
<li>rsort() - 对数组进行降序排列</li>
<li>asort() - 根据关联数组的值，对数组进行升序排列</li>
<li>ksort() - 根据关联数组的键，对数组进行升序排列</li>
<li>arsort() - 根据关联数组的值，对数组进行降序排列</li>
<li>krsort() - 根据关联数组的键，对数组进行降序排列</li>
</ul>
<ol start="6">
<li>Object（对象）
使用class关键字声明类对象。类是可以包含属性和方法的结构。</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Car</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> $color;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">__construct</span><span class="params">($color=<span class="string">"green"</span>)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">$this</span>->color = $color;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">what_color</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">$this</span>->color;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="7">
<li>NULL（空值）<blockquote>
<p>PHP var_dump() 函数返回变量的数据类型和值：</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="常量的声明"><a href="#常量的声明" class="headerlink" title="常量的声明"></a>常量的声明</h3>define()函数 <blockquote>
<p>define(“slogan”, “hello”);
该函数有三个参数:</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>name：必选参数，常量名称，即标志符。</li>
<li>value：必选参数，常量的值。</li>
<li>case_insensitive ：可选参数，如果设置为 TRUE，该常量则大小写不敏感。默认是大小写敏感的。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="if…elseif…-else-语句"><a href="#if…elseif…-else-语句" class="headerlink" title="if…elseif….else 语句"></a>if…elseif….else 语句</h3><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line">$t=date(<span class="string">"H"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> ($t<<span class="string">"10"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"Have a good morning!"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">elseif</span> ($t<<span class="string">"20"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"Have a good day!"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"Have a good night!"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="超级全局变量"><a href="#超级全局变量" class="headerlink" title="超级全局变量"></a>超级全局变量</h3><ul>
<li>$GLOBALS(超级全局变量组)</li>
<li>$_SERVER(包含了诸如头信息(header)、路径(path)、以及脚本位置(script locations)等等信息的数组)</li>
<li>$_REQUEST(用于收集HTML表单提交的数据)</li>
<li>$_POST(用于收集HTML表单提交的数据,method设置为post)</li>
<li>$_GET(用于收集HTML表单提交的数据,method设置为get,也可以收集URL中发送的数据)</li>
<li>$_FILES</li>
<li>$_ENV</li>
<li>$_COOKIE</li>
<li>$_SESSION</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line">$x=<span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">"one"</span>,<span class="string">"two"</span>,<span class="string">"three"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">foreach</span> ($x <span class="keyword">as</span> $value)</span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> $value . <span class="string">"<br>"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="魔术常量-预定义常量"><a href="#魔术常量-预定义常量" class="headerlink" title="魔术常量(预定义常量)"></a>魔术常量(预定义常量)</h3><ul>
<li><strong>LINE</strong>(当前行号)</li>
<li><strong>FILE</strong>(文件的完整路径和文件名)</li>
<li><strong>DIR</strong>(文件所在目录)</li>
<li><strong>FUNCTION</strong>(函数内部返回函数名)</li>
<li><strong>CLASS</strong>(类内部返回类名)</li>
<li><strong>TRAIT</strong>(Trait 名包括其被声明的作用区域)
从基类继承的成员被插入的 SayWorld Trait 中的 MyHelloWorld 方法所覆盖。
其行为 MyHelloWorld 类中定义的方法一致。优先顺序是当前类中的方法会覆盖 trait 方法，而 trait 方法又覆盖了基类中的方法。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Base</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">sayHello</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'Hello '</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">trait</span> SayWorld {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">sayHello</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">parent</span>::sayHello();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'World!'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">MyHelloWorld</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">Base</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">use</span> <span class="title">SayWorld</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">$o = <span class="keyword">new</span> MyHelloWorld();</span><br><span class="line">$o->sayHello(); <span class="comment">// Hello World</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><strong>METHOD</strong>(返回方法定义时的名称)</li>
<li><strong>NAMESPACE</strong>(当前的命名空间名称)</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>用户编写的代码与PHP内部的类/函数/常量或第三方类/函数/常量之间的名字冲突。</li>
<li>为很长的标识符名称(通常是为了缓解第一类问题而定义的)创建一个别名（或简短）的名称，提高源代码的可读性。</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="php获取下拉菜单的数据"><a href="#php获取下拉菜单的数据" class="headerlink" title="php获取下拉菜单的数据"></a>php获取下拉菜单的数据</h3><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line">$q = <span class="keyword">isset</span>($_GET[<span class="string">'q'</span>])? htmlspecialchars($_GET[<span class="string">'q'</span>]) : <span class="string">''</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>($q) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>($q ==<span class="string">'BAIDU'</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'百度<br>http://www.baidu.com'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span>($q ==<span class="string">'GOOGLE'</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'Google 搜索<br>http://www.google.com'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span>($q ==<span class="string">'TAOBAO'</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'淘宝<br>http://www.taobao.com'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">} <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br><span class="line"><form action=<span class="string">""</span> method=<span class="string">"get"</span>> </span><br><span class="line"> <select name=<span class="string">"q"</span>></span><br><span class="line"> <option value=<span class="string">""</span>>选择一个站点:</option></span><br><span class="line"> <option value=<span class="string">"BAIDU"</span>>Runoob</option></span><br><span class="line"> <option value=<span class="string">"GOOGLE"</span>>Google</option></span><br><span class="line"> <option value=<span class="string">"TAOBAO"</span>>Taobao</option></span><br><span class="line"> </select></span><br><span class="line"> <input type=<span class="string">"submit"</span> value=<span class="string">"提交"</span>></span><br><span class="line"> </form></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="获取当前时间"><a href="#获取当前时间" class="headerlink" title="获取当前时间"></a>获取当前时间</h3><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//设置默认当前时区</span></span><br><span class="line">date_default_timezone_set(<span class="string">'PRC'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> date(<span class="string">'Y-m-d H:i:s'</span>,time());</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="文件引入"><a href="#文件引入" class="headerlink" title="文件引入"></a>文件引入</h3><blockquote>
<p>include 和 require 的区别</p>
<ul>
<li>require 一般放在 PHP 文件的最前面，程序在执行前就会先导入要引用的文件；</li>
<li>include 一般放在程序的流程控制中，当程序执行时碰到才会引用，简化程序的执行流程。</li>
<li>require 引入的文件有错误时，执行会中断，并返回一个致命错误；</li>
<li>include 引入的文件有错误时，会继续执行，并返回一个警告。</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="打开文件"><a href="#打开文件" class="headerlink" title="打开文件"></a>打开文件</h3><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$file = fopen(<span class="string">"test.txt"</span>,<span class="string">"r"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 读取文件每一行，直到文件结尾</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span>(!feof($file))</span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> fgets($file). <span class="string">"<br>"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 逐个字符echo fgetc($file);</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">fclose($file);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="文件上传"><a href="#文件上传" class="headerlink" title="文件上传"></a>文件上传</h3><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">form</span> <span class="attr">action</span>=<span class="string">"upload_file.php"</span> <span class="attr">method</span>=<span class="string">"post"</span> <span class="attr">enctype</span>=<span class="string">"multipart/form-data"</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">label</span> <span class="attr">for</span>=<span class="string">"file"</span>></span>文件名：<span class="tag"></<span class="name">label</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"file"</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">"file"</span> <span class="attr">id</span>=<span class="string">"file"</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="name">br</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"submit"</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">"submit"</span> <span class="attr">value</span>=<span class="string">"提交"</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="name">form</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line">header(<span class="string">"Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 允许上传的图片后缀</span></span><br><span class="line">$allowedExts = <span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">"gif"</span>, <span class="string">"jpeg"</span>, <span class="string">"jpg"</span>, <span class="string">"png"</span>, <span class="string">"PNG"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">$temp = explode(<span class="string">"."</span>, $_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"name"</span>]);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> $_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"size"</span>];</span><br><span class="line">$extension = end($temp); <span class="comment">// 获取文件后缀名</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> ((($_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"type"</span>] == <span class="string">"image/gif"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">|| ($_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"type"</span>] == <span class="string">"image/jpeg"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">|| ($_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"type"</span>] == <span class="string">"image/jpg"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">|| ($_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"type"</span>] == <span class="string">"image/pjpeg"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">|| ($_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"type"</span>] == <span class="string">"image/x-png"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">|| ($_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"type"</span>] == <span class="string">"image/png"</span>))</span><br><span class="line">&& ($_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"size"</span>] < <span class="number">204800</span>) <span class="comment">// 小于 200 kb</span></span><br><span class="line">&& in_array($extension, $allowedExts))</span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> ($_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"error"</span>] > <span class="number">0</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"错误：: "</span> . $_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"error"</span>] . <span class="string">"<br>"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"上传文件名: "</span> . $_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"name"</span>] . <span class="string">"<br>"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"文件类型: "</span> . $_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"type"</span>] . <span class="string">"<br>"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"文件大小: "</span> . ($_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"size"</span>] / <span class="number">1024</span>) . <span class="string">" kB<br>"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"文件临时存储的位置: "</span> . $_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"tmp_name"</span>] . <span class="string">"<br>"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 判断当期目录下的 upload 目录是否存在该文件</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 如果没有 upload 目录，你需要创建它，upload 目录权限为 777</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (file_exists(<span class="string">"upload/"</span> . $_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"name"</span>]))</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> $_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"name"</span>] . <span class="string">" 文件已经存在。 "</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 如果 upload 目录不存在该文件则将文件上传到 upload 目录下</span></span><br><span class="line"> move_uploaded_file($_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"tmp_name"</span>], <span class="string">"upload/"</span> . $_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"name"</span>]);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"文件存储在: "</span> . <span class="string">"upload/"</span> . $_FILES[<span class="string">"file"</span>][<span class="string">"name"</span>];</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"非法的文件格式"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="设置cookie-必须写在html之前"><a href="#设置cookie-必须写在html之前" class="headerlink" title="设置cookie(必须写在html之前)"></a>设置cookie(必须写在html之前)</h3><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">setcookie(<span class="string">"user"</span>, <span class="string">"cosyer"</span>, time()+<span class="number">3600</span>); <span class="comment">// 1小时后过期</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> $_COOKIE[<span class="string">"user"</span>]; <span class="comment">// (isset($_COOKIE["user"])判断是否设置了cookie</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 删除setcookie("user", "", time()-3600);设置成过去的时点</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="存储session"><a href="#存储session" class="headerlink" title="存储session"></a>存储session</h3><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">session_start();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 存储 session 数据</span></span><br><span class="line">$_SESSION[<span class="string">'views'</span>]=<span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 释放 session 数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// unset($_SESSION['views']);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 清空所有数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// session_destroy();</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="php发送email"><a href="#php发送email" class="headerlink" title="php发送email"></a>php发送email</h3><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="keyword">isset</span>($_REQUEST[<span class="string">'email'</span>])) { <span class="comment">// 如果接收到邮箱参数则发送邮件</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 发送邮件</span></span><br><span class="line"> $email = $_REQUEST[<span class="string">'email'</span>] ;</span><br><span class="line"> $subject = $_REQUEST[<span class="string">'subject'</span>] ;</span><br><span class="line"> $message = $_REQUEST[<span class="string">'message'</span>] ;</span><br><span class="line"> mail(<span class="string">"someone@example.com"</span>, $subject,</span><br><span class="line"> $message, <span class="string">"From:"</span> . $email);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"邮件发送成功"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">} <span class="keyword">else</span> { <span class="comment">// 如果没有邮箱参数则显示表单</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"<form method='post' action='mailform.php'></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> Email: <input name='email' type='text'><br></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> Subject: <input name='subject' type='text'><br></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> Message:<br></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> <textarea name='message' rows='15' cols='40'></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> </textarea><br></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> <input type='submit'></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> </form>"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="错误处理"><a href="#错误处理" class="headerlink" title="错误处理"></a>错误处理</h3><blockquote>
<p>die(“文件不存在”);</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="异常处理-同-try-catch-new-Exception"><a href="#异常处理-同-try-catch-new-Exception" class="headerlink" title="异常处理 同 try catch new Exception()"></a>异常处理 同 try catch new Exception()</h3>
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<p><span>本文标题:</span><a href="/helloPHP.html">helloPHP</a></p>
<p><span>文章作者:</span><a href="/" title="访问 陈宇（cosyer） 的个人博客">陈宇（cosyer）</a></p>
<p><span>发布时间:</span>2018年11月26日 - 14:11</p>
<p><span>最后更新:</span>2019年01月09日 - 23:01</p>
<p><span>原始链接:</span><a href="/helloPHP.html" title="helloPHP">http://mydearest.cn/helloPHP.html</a>
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