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sass、less和stylus区别.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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佛祖保佑 永无BUG
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2018-12-19
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2,232 (字)
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<p>在前端界，有三大 CSS 预处理器，分别是 SASS(SCSS), Less, Stylus。
本文便总结下 Sass、Less CSS、Stylus这三个预处理器的区别和各自的基本语法。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>我永远喜欢Stylus :></p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="什么是CSS预处理器"><a href="#什么是CSS预处理器" class="headerlink" title="什么是CSS预处理器"></a>什么是CSS预处理器</h2><p>CSS 预处理器是一种语言用来为 CSS 增加一些编程的的特性，无需考虑浏览器的兼容性问题，例如你可以在 CSS 中使用变量、简单的程序逻辑、函数等等在编程语言中的一些基本技巧，可以让CSS 更见简洁，适应性更强，代码更直观等诸多好处。</p>
<h2 id="基本语法比较"><a href="#基本语法比较" class="headerlink" title="基本语法比较"></a>基本语法比较</h2><h3 id="Sass和Less"><a href="#Sass和Less" class="headerlink" title="Sass和Less"></a>Sass和Less</h3><p>首先 Sass 和 Less 都使用的是标准的 CSS 语法，因此如果可以很方便的将已有的 CSS 代码转为预处理器代码，默认 Sass 使用 .scss 扩展名，而 Less 使用 .Less 扩展名。
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* style.scss or style.Less */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">h1</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">color</span>: <span class="number">#0982C1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
另一种也是最早的 Sass 语法格式，被称为缩进格式 (Indented Sass) 通常简称 “Sass”，是一种简化格式。它使用 “缩进” 代替 “花括号” 表示属性属于某个选择器，用 “换行” 代替 “分号” 分隔属性，很多人认为这样做比 SCSS 更容易阅读，书写也更快速。缩进格式也可以使用 Sass 的全部功能，只是与 SCSS 相比个别地方采取了不同的表达方式。
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* style.Sass */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">h1</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">color</span>: <span class="selector-id">#0982c1</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>而 Stylus 支持的语法要更多样性一点，它默认使用 .styl 的文件扩展名。可以随意地书写。
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* style.styl */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">h1</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">color</span>: <span class="number">#0982C1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 省略花括号 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">h1</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">color</span>: <span class="selector-id">#0982C1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 省略花括号和分号 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">h1</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">color</span> <span class="selector-id">#0982C1</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<hr>
<a id="more"></a>
<h3 id="变量声明"><a href="#变量声明" class="headerlink" title="变量声明"></a>变量声明</h3><ol>
<li>Sass<blockquote>
<p>Sass变量必须是以$开头的，然后变量和值之间使用冒号（：）隔开，和css属性是一样的。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>Less<blockquote>
<p> Less变量都是用@开头的。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>Stylus<blockquote>
<p> Stylus对变量是没有任何约束，可以是以$开头，或者任何的字符，而且与变量之间可以用冒号，空格隔开。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="嵌套"><a href="#嵌套" class="headerlink" title="嵌套"></a>嵌套</h3><figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">section</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">margin</span>: <span class="number">10px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> nav {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">height</span>: 25<span class="selector-tag">px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">a</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">color</span>: <span class="number">#0982C1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> &:hover {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">text-decoration</span>: <span class="selector-tag">underline</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">} </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 使用“&”符号来引用父选择器。 */</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="运算符"><a href="#运算符" class="headerlink" title="运算符"></a>运算符</h3><figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">body</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">margin</span>: (<span class="number">14px</span>/<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">top</span>: <span class="number">50px</span> + <span class="number">100px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">right</span>: <span class="number">80</span> * <span class="number">10%</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="颜色函数"><a href="#颜色函数" class="headerlink" title="颜色函数"></a>颜色函数</h3><ul>
<li><p>Sass</p>
<figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">lighten($color, 10%); /* 返回的颜色在$color基础上变亮10% */</span><br><span class="line">darken($color, 10%); /* 返回的颜色在$color基础上变暗10% */</span><br><span class="line">saturate($color, 10%); /* 返回的颜色在$color基础上饱和度增加10% */</span><br><span class="line">desaturate($color, 10%); /* 返回的颜色在$color基础上饱和度减少10% */</span><br><span class="line">grayscale($color); /* 返回$color的灰度色*/</span><br><span class="line">complement($color); /* returns complement color of $color */</span><br><span class="line">invert($color); /* 返回$color的反相色 */</span><br><span class="line">mix($color1, $color2, 50%); /* mix $color1 with $color2 with a weight of 50% */</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Less</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">lighten</span>(<span class="keyword">@color</span>, <span class="number">10%</span>); <span class="comment">/* 返回的颜色在@color基础上变亮10% */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">darken</span>(<span class="keyword">@color</span>, <span class="number">10%</span>); <span class="comment">/* 返回的颜色在@color基础上变暗10%*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">saturate</span>(<span class="keyword">@color</span>, <span class="number">10%</span>); <span class="comment">/* 返回的颜色在@color基础上饱和度增加10% */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">desaturate</span>(<span class="keyword">@color</span>, <span class="number">10%</span>); <span class="comment">/* 返回的颜色在@color基础上饱和度降低10%*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">spin</span>(<span class="keyword">@color</span>, <span class="number">10</span>); <span class="comment">/* 返回的颜色在@color基础上色调增加10 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">spin</span>(<span class="keyword">@color</span>, -<span class="number">10</span>); <span class="comment">/* 返回的颜色在@color基础上色调减少10 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">mix</span>(<span class="keyword">@color1</span>, @color2); <span class="comment">/* 返回的颜色是@color1和@color2两者的混合色 */</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Stylus</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">lighten</span>(<span class="selector-tag">color</span>, 10%); <span class="comment">/* 返回的颜色在'color'基础上变亮10% */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">darken</span>(<span class="selector-tag">color</span>, 10%); <span class="comment">/* 返回的颜色在'color'基础上变暗10% */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">saturate</span>(<span class="selector-tag">color</span>, 10%); <span class="comment">/* 返回的颜色在'color'基础上饱和度增加10% */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">desaturate</span>(<span class="selector-tag">color</span>, 10%); <span class="comment">/* 返回的颜色在'color'基础上饱和度降低10% */</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="css预处理器处理属性前缀"><a href="#css预处理器处理属性前缀" class="headerlink" title="css预处理器处理属性前缀"></a>css预处理器处理属性前缀</h3><figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">@mixin</span> border-radius($values) {</span><br><span class="line"> -webkit-border-radius: $values;</span><br><span class="line"> -moz-border-radius: $values;</span><br><span class="line"> border-radius: $values;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">div</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> @include border-radius(10px);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="导入-Import"><a href="#导入-Import" class="headerlink" title="导入 (Import)"></a>导入 (Import)</h3><p>很多 CSS 开发者对导入的做法都不太感冒，因为它需要多次的 HTTP 请求。但是在 CSS 预处理器中的导入操作则不同，它只是在语义上包含了不同的文件，但最终结果是一个单一的 CSS 文件，如果你是通过 @ import “file.css”; 导入 CSS 文件，那效果跟普通的 CSS 导入一样。
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* file.{type} */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">body</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">background</span>: <span class="number">#EEE</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">@import</span> <span class="string">"reset.css"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">@import</span> <span class="string">"file.{type}"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">p</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">background</span>: <span class="number">#0982C1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>转译出的css<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">@import</span> <span class="string">"reset.css"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">body</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">background</span>: <span class="number">#EEE</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">p</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">background</span>: <span class="number">#0982C1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="混合（Mixins）"><a href="#混合（Mixins）" class="headerlink" title="混合（Mixins）"></a>混合（Mixins）</h3><p>Mixins是预处器中的函数。当某段CSS样式经常要用到多个元素中，这样就需要重复的写多次。Mixins是一个公认的选择器，还可以在Mixins中定义变量或者是默认参数。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Sass @mixin声明 @include调用</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">@mixin</span> error($<span class="attribute">borderWidth:</span> <span class="number">2px</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> border: $borderWidth solid #F00;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">color</span>: <span class="selector-id">#F00</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.generic-error</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">padding</span>: <span class="number">20px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">margin</span>: <span class="number">4px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> @include error(); //这里调用默认 border: 2px solid #F00;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.login-error</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">left</span>: <span class="number">12px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">position</span>: absolute;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">top</span>: <span class="number">20px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> @include error(5px); //这里调用 border:5px solid #F00;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Less</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.error(@borderWidth: 2px) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">border</span>: <span class="keyword">@borderWidth</span> solid #F00;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">color</span>: <span class="selector-id">#F00</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.generic-error</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">padding</span>: <span class="number">20px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">margin</span>: <span class="number">4px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> .error(); //这里调用默认 border: 2px solid #F00;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.login-error</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">left</span>: <span class="number">12px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">position</span>: absolute;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">top</span>: <span class="number">20px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> .error(5px); //这里调用 border:5px solid #F00;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Stylus 像函数一样</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">error(borderWidth= 2px) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">border</span>: <span class="selector-tag">borderWidth</span> <span class="selector-tag">solid</span> <span class="selector-id">#F00</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">color</span>: <span class="selector-id">#F00</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.generic-error</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">padding</span>: <span class="number">20px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">margin</span>: <span class="number">4px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> error(); </span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.login-error</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">left</span>: <span class="number">12px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">position</span>: absolute;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">top</span>: <span class="number">20px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> error(5px); </span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>example Sass3d文本</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">@mixin</span> text3d($color) {</span><br><span class="line"> color: $color;</span><br><span class="line"> text-shadow: 1px 1px 0px darken($color, 5%),</span><br><span class="line"> 2px 2px 0px darken($color, 10%),</span><br><span class="line"> 3px 3px 0px darken($color, 15%),</span><br><span class="line"> 4px 4px 0px darken($color, 20%),</span><br><span class="line"> 4<span class="selector-tag">px</span> 4<span class="selector-tag">px</span> 2<span class="selector-tag">px</span> <span class="selector-id">#000</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">h1</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">font-size</span>: <span class="number">32pt</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> @include text3d(#0982c1);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="继承（Inheritance）"><a href="#继承（Inheritance）" class="headerlink" title="继承（Inheritance）"></a>继承（Inheritance）</h3><p>在多个元素应用相同的样式时，我们在CSS通常都是这样写：
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">p</span>,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">ul</span>,</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">ol</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/* 样式写在这 */</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<ul>
<li><p>Sass和Stylus @extend</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.block</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">margin</span>: <span class="number">10px</span> <span class="number">5px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">padding</span>: <span class="number">2px</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">p</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> @extend .block; /* 继承.block所有样式 */</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">border</span>: 1<span class="selector-tag">px</span> <span class="selector-tag">solid</span> <span class="selector-id">#EEE</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Less
LESS支持的继承和Sass与Stylus不一样,他不是在选择器上继承，而是将Mixins中的样式嵌套到每个选择器里面。这种方法的缺点就是在每个选择器中会有重复的样式产生。</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> <span class="selector-class">.block</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">margin</span>: <span class="number">10px</span> <span class="number">5px</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">padding</span>: <span class="number">2px</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">p</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> .block; /* 继承 '.block'中的样式 */</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">border</span>: 1<span class="selector-tag">px</span> <span class="selector-tag">solid</span> <span class="selector-id">#EEE</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="if语句"><a href="#if语句" class="headerlink" title="if语句"></a>if语句</h3><ul>
<li><p>Sass</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.mixin</span> (<span class="keyword">@color</span>) when (lightness(@color) > <span class="number">30%</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">background-color</span>: <span class="selector-tag">black</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.mixin</span> (<span class="keyword">@color</span>) when (lightness(@color) =<; 30%) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">background-color</span>: white;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Less</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">@if</span> lightness($color) > <span class="number">30%</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">background-color</span>: <span class="selector-tag">black</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">@else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">background-color</span>: <span class="selector-tag">white</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Stylus</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">if</span> <span class="selector-tag">lightness</span>(<span class="selector-tag">color</span>) > 30%</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">background-color</span> <span class="selector-tag">black</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">else</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">background-color</span> <span class="selector-tag">white</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="loop"><a href="#loop" class="headerlink" title="loop"></a>loop</h3></li>
<li><p>Sass</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">@for</span> $i from <span class="number">1px</span> to <span class="number">3px</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> .border-#{i} {</span><br><span class="line"> border: $i solid blue;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Less</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.loop</span>(<span class="keyword">@counter</span>) when (@counter > <span class="number">0</span>){</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-class">.loop</span>((<span class="keyword">@counter</span> - <span class="number">1</span>));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-class">.border-</span>@{<span class="selector-tag">counter</span>} {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">border</span>: <span class="number">1px</span> * @counter solid blue;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Stylus</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">for</span> <span class="selector-tag">num</span> <span class="selector-tag">in</span> (1.<span class="selector-class">.3</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> .border-{num}</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">border</span> 1<span class="selector-tag">px</span> * <span class="selector-tag">num</span> <span class="selector-tag">solid</span> <span class="selector-tag">blue</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="作用域"><a href="#作用域" class="headerlink" title="作用域"></a>作用域</h3><ul>
<li><p>Sass
Sass中不存在什么全局变量.</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$color: black;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.scoped</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> $bg: blue;</span><br><span class="line"> $color: white;</span><br><span class="line"> color: $color; /*白色*/</span><br><span class="line"> background-color:$bg;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.unscoped</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">color</span>:$color;<span class="comment">/*白色*/</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Less
LESS中的作用域和其他程序语言中的作用域非常的相同，他首先会查找局部定义的变量，如果没有找到，会像冒泡一样，一级一级往下查找，直到根为止。</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">@color: black;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.scoped</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> @bg: blue;</span><br><span class="line"> @color: white;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">color</span>: <span class="keyword">@color</span>; <span class="comment">/*白色*/</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">background-color</span>:<span class="keyword">@bg</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.unscoped</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attribute">color</span>:@color; <span class="comment">/*黑色*/</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Stylus
Stylus虽然起步比较晚，但其作用域的特性和LESS一样，可以支持全局变量和局变量。会向上冒泡查找，直到根为止。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h2><p>Less 从语言特性的设计到功能的健壮程度和另外两者相比都有一些缺陷，但用 Less 可以满足大多数场景的需求。
但相比另外两者，基于 Less 开发类库会复杂得多，实现的代码会比较脏，能实现的功能也会受到 DSL 的制约。
比 Stylus 语义更清晰、比 Sass 更接近 CSS 语法，使得刚刚转用 CSS 预编译的开发者能够更平滑地进行切换。
Sass 在三者之中历史最久，也吸收了其他两者的一些优点。
从功能上来说 Sass 大而全，语义明晰但是代码很容易显得累赘。
主项目基于 Ruby 可能也是一部分人不选择它的理由（Less 开始也是基于 Ruby 开发，后来逐渐转到 Less.js 项目中）。
Sass 有一个「事实标准」库——Compass，于是对于很多开发者而言省去了选择类库的烦恼，对于提升开发效率也有不小的帮助。
Stylus 的语法非常灵活，很多语义都是根据上下文隐含的。
基于 Stylus 可以写出非常简洁的代码，但对使用团队的开发素养要求也更高，更需要有良好的开发规范或约定。
总的来说，三种预处理器百分之七八十的功能是类似的。Less 适合帮助团队更快地上手预处理代码的开发，而 Sass 和 Stylus 的差异更在于口味。</p>
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<p><span>本文标题:</span><a href="/sass%E3%80%81less%E5%92%8Cstylus%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB.html">Sass、Less和Stylus区别</a></p>
<p><span>文章作者:</span><a href="/" title="访问 陈宇（cosyer） 的个人博客">陈宇（cosyer）</a></p>
<p><span>发布时间:</span>2018年12月19日 - 23:12</p>
<p><span>最后更新:</span>2018年12月20日 - 02:12</p>
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