aws-rds datasource to check ValidUpgradeTarget

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Currently aws-rds datasource just fetches list of engine versions which pass specified filter. This approach would be sufficient for patch version upgrades, but fails short on major and minor version updates. Let me explain.

We have RDS with postgres engine, version 14.10 (btw postgres engine in RDS doesn't have patch component). Now let's verify with AWS what versions we can upgrade to, see ValidUpgradeTarget:

% aws rds describe-db-engine-versions --filters "Name=engine,Values=postgres" "Name=engine-version,Values=14.10"
DBEngineVersions:
- DBEngineDescription: PostgreSQL
  DBEngineVersionDescription: PostgreSQL 14.10-R2
  DBParameterGroupFamily: postgres14
  Engine: postgres
  EngineVersion: '14.10'
  ExportableLogTypes:
  - postgresql
  - upgrade
  MajorEngineVersion: '14'
  Status: available
  SupportedCACertificateIdentifiers:
  - rds-ca-ecc384-g1
  - rds-ca-rsa4096-g1
  - rds-ca-rsa2048-g1
  SupportedFeatureNames:
  - Lambda
  - s3Export
  - s3Import
  SupportsBabelfish: false
  SupportsCertificateRotationWithoutRestart: true
  SupportsGlobalDatabases: false
  SupportsIntegrations: false
  SupportsLimitlessDatabase: false
  SupportsLocalWriteForwarding: false
  SupportsLogExportsToCloudwatchLogs: true
  SupportsParallelQuery: false
  SupportsReadReplica: true
  ValidUpgradeTarget:
  - AutoUpgrade: false
    Description: PostgreSQL 14.11-R3
    Engine: postgres
    EngineVersion: '14.11'
    IsMajorVersionUpgrade: false
  - AutoUpgrade: true
    Description: PostgreSQL 14.12-R2
    Engine: postgres
    EngineVersion: '14.12'
    IsMajorVersionUpgrade: false
  - AutoUpgrade: false
    Description: PostgreSQL 14.13-R1
    Engine: postgres
    EngineVersion: '14.13'
    IsMajorVersionUpgrade: false
  - AutoUpgrade: false
    Description: PostgreSQL 15.5-R2
    Engine: postgres
    EngineVersion: '15.5'
    IsMajorVersionUpgrade: true
  - AutoUpgrade: false
    Description: PostgreSQL 15.6-R3
    Engine: postgres
    EngineVersion: '15.6'
    IsMajorVersionUpgrade: true
  - AutoUpgrade: false
    Description: PostgreSQL 15.7-R2
    Engine: postgres
    EngineVersion: '15.7'
    IsMajorVersionUpgrade: true
  - AutoUpgrade: false
    Description: PostgreSQL 15.8-R1
    Engine: postgres
    EngineVersion: '15.8'
    IsMajorVersionUpgrade: true
  - AutoUpgrade: false
    Description: PostgreSQL 16.1-R2
    Engine: postgres
    EngineVersion: '16.1'
    IsMajorVersionUpgrade: true

If we consider major version upgrades, we can upgrade up to 16.1. At the same time this isn't the latest version. Once instance is on 16.1 it can be upgraded to 16.4:

% aws rds describe-db-engine-versions --filters "Name=engine,Values=postgres" "Name=engine-version,Values=16.1"
DBEngineVersions:
- DBEngineDescription: PostgreSQL
  DBEngineVersionDescription: PostgreSQL 16.1-R2
  DBParameterGroupFamily: postgres16
  Engine: postgres
  EngineVersion: '16.1'
  ExportableLogTypes:
  - postgresql
  - upgrade
  MajorEngineVersion: '16'
  Status: available
  SupportedCACertificateIdentifiers:
  - rds-ca-ecc384-g1
  - rds-ca-rsa4096-g1
  - rds-ca-rsa2048-g1
  SupportedFeatureNames:
  - Lambda
  - s3Export
  - s3Import
  SupportsBabelfish: false
  SupportsCertificateRotationWithoutRestart: true
  SupportsGlobalDatabases: false
  SupportsIntegrations: false
  SupportsLimitlessDatabase: false
  SupportsLocalWriteForwarding: false
  SupportsLogExportsToCloudwatchLogs: true
  SupportsParallelQuery: false
  SupportsReadReplica: true
  ValidUpgradeTarget:
  - AutoUpgrade: false
    Description: PostgreSQL 16.2-R3
    Engine: postgres
    EngineVersion: '16.2'
    IsMajorVersionUpgrade: false
  - AutoUpgrade: true
    Description: PostgreSQL 16.3-R2
    Engine: postgres
    EngineVersion: '16.3'
    IsMajorVersionUpgrade: false
  - AutoUpgrade: false
    Description: PostgreSQL 16.4-R1
    Engine: postgres
    EngineVersion: '16.4'
    IsMajorVersionUpgrade: false

We want datasource to offer major upgrades, so filter is just [{"Name":"engine","Values":["postgres"]}], without engine-version, it returns all available postgres versions in RDS. At this case Renovate would offer direct upgrade from 14.10 to 16.4, that isn't technically possible.