ADAP-1124: Establish shared workflows for the monorepo migration

[mikealfare]

Problem

We're moving to a monorepo for adapters. This will require workflows that can be reused across adapters.

Solution

Migrate workflows from dbt-athena, which is already technically a monorepo (two packages) and make updates as needed to generalize. Update the workflows to support dbt-adapters and dbt-tests-adapter in the short term until their folder structures are updated, and then remove any existing workflows which are no longer necessary. Use this refactor as an opportunity to also clean up existing workflows which will live on in the monorepo.

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guide and understand what's expected of me
• I have run this code in development, and it appears to resolve the stated issue
• This PR includes tests, or tests are not required/relevant for this PR
• This PR has no interface changes (e.g. macros, cli, logs, json artifacts, config files, adapter interface, etc.) or this PR has already received feedback and approval from Product or DX

[github-actions]

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[mikealfare]

This was intended to show renamed files next to each other, but GH doesn't appear to be smart enough to interpret both a git mv and file updates and instead shows a deleted file and a new file instead.