Update docs (#4566)

* add MOPS docs

* Add default dfx instructions

* add additional error codes

* Sample projects

* Sample projects

* Update doc/md/getting-started/dev-env.md

Co-authored-by: Luc Blaeser <112870813+luc-blaeser@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update examples.md

---------

Co-authored-by: Luc Blaeser <112870813+luc-blaeser@users.noreply.github.com>

doc/md/getting-started/dev-env.md

@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ https://github.com/dfinity/sdk/blob/<VERSION>/nix/sources.json#L144
 
 Replace `<VERSION>` with the IC SDK release version, such as `0.14.2`.
 
+## Custom developer environment
+
 ### Specifying a custom version of the compiler
 
 To specify a custom version of the Motoko compiler to be used with `dfx`, you can use the package manager `mops` or `vessel`.
@@ -111,3 +113,32 @@ For example, to use base library version `0.9.0`, use the command:
 ```
 mops add base@0.9.0 && mops install
 ```
+
+### Specifying a custom version of `dfx`
+
+To specify a custom version of `dfx`, you can use the [`dfxvm` tool](/docs/current/developer-docs/developer-tools/cli-tools/dfxvm/docs/cli-reference/dfxvm/dfxvm-default). To set a default `dfx` version to be used in your project, run the command:
+
+```
+$ dfxvm default 0.7.2
+...
+info: installed dfx 0.7.2
+info: set default version to dfx 0.7.2
+```
+
+### Pass flags to `moc` in `dfx.json`
+
+You can pass flags directly to `moc` by adding an `args` field in your Motoko canister's description in your project's `dfx.json` file:
+
+Here is an example `dfx.json` canister configuration that uses `args`:
+
+```json
+...
+  "canisters": {
+    "hello": {
+      "type": "motoko",
+      "main": "src/hello/main.mo",
+      "args": "-v --incremental-gc"
+    },
+  }
+...
+```

doc/md/getting-started/examples.md

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+---
+sidebar_position: 5
+---
+
+# Sample projects and resources
+
+## Overview
+
+Want to get started building with Motoko? Check out some of these sample projects and Motoko resources to help you get started.
+
+## Sample apps
+
+### Canister management
+
+- [Canister app](https://github.com/canister-app): A series of tools for canister tools written in Motoko.
+
+- [Canister Geek](https://github.com/usergeek/canistergeek-ic-motoko): Canister cycle monitoring and management.
+
+- [Canister tip jar](https://github.com/ninegua/tipjar): Donate cycles to a canister on ICP.
+
+- [iCAN](https://github.com/PrimLabs/iCAN): A canister management platform for creating and managing canisters conveniently.
+
+- [ic-blackhole](https://github.com/ninegua/ic-blackhole): An example of a black hole canister.
+
+- [motoko_top_up_canister](https://github.com/ORIGYN-SA/motoko_top_up_canister): A Motoko canister that automatically tops up a user-defined list of canisters.
+
+### Games, social, and utility samples
+
+- [Bitshop](https://github.com/lukasvozda/bitshop): A Shopify alternative that accepts Bitcoin payments.
+
+- [Cleansheets](https://github.com/matthewhammer/cleansheets): A spreadsheet application.
+
+- [DocToken](https://github.com/ava-vs/doctoken): Document storage.
+
+- [EVM proof verifier](https://github.com/horizonx-tech/evm-proof-verifier-motoko): Verify EVM proofs using a Motoko canister.
+
+- [Flower power DAO](https://github.com/flowerpowerdao/power-equalizer-v3).
+
+- [Formyfi](https://github.com/Talentum-id/formify): Question and answer forms.
+
+- [HTTP server for Motoko](https://github.com/krpeacock/server): A simple HTTP server.
+
+- [IC Payroll](https://github.com/cosmasken/ic-payroll): A simple payroll dapp that allows users to be paid in ckBTC.
+
+- [Metabomb](https://github.com/av1ctor/metamob): A campaign dapp for fundraising or donations.
+
+- [NacDB](https://github.com/vporton/NacDB): A distributed database.
+
+- [Play to earn game sample](https://github.com/therealbryanho/IC-Code-Sample-Unity-Play-to-Earn-Game): A simple play to earn game template.
+
+- [Rakeoff statistics](https://github.com/rakeoff-labs/rakeoff_statistics): A Motoko canister that provides statistic analysis for the [Rakeoff application](https://app.rakeoff.io/).
+
+- [Reversi](https://github.com/ninegua/reversi): A multiplayer Reversi game.
+
+- [Revo](https://github.com/DepartureLabsIC/revo): A drawing game.
+
+- [SecureGuard Escrow](https://github.com/bix-tech/secure-guard-escrow): ICP-based escrow platform.
+
+### Tokens & DeFi
+
+- [Appic](https://github.com/Appic-Solutions/Auto_Investment): Automatically by and sell tokens at a specific interval or time.
+
+- [ICDex](https://github.com/iclighthouse/ICDex): An on-chain orderbook decentralized exchange written in Motoko.
+
+- [icrc7_motoko](https://github.com/noku-team/icrc7_motoko) and - [icrc7-mo](https://github.com/PanIndustrial-Org/icrc7.mo): Motoko implementations of the ICRC-7 NFT standard.
+
+- [icrc-nft-mo](https://github.com/PanIndustrial-Org/icrc_nft.mo): An example NFT that combines `icrc7-mo`, `icrc30-mo`, and `icrc3-mo`.
+
+- [ic-token](https://github.com/rocklabs-io/ic-token) and [motoko-token](https://github.com/enzoh/motoko-token): Motoko implementations of an ERC-20 token.
+
+- [Itoka music NFT](https://github.com/Itoka-DAO/itoka-music-nft-standard): A standard for music NFTs.
+
+- [Motoko Bitcoin](https://github.com/tgalal/motoko-bitcoin): A Motoko Bitcoin integration.
+
+- [Staking pool](https://github.com/ICTO-Labs/staking-pool): A staking pool project written in Motoko.
+
+- [Token faucet](https://github.com/rocklabs-io/token-faucet): A token faucet for [ic-token](https://github.com/rocklabs-io/ic-token).
+
+- [Token minter sample](https://github.com/icpipeline-framework/mbt): A sample app that mints tokens.
+
+### Writing Motoko
+
+- [Blocks](https://blocks-editor.github.io/blocks/): A Motoko smart contract editor.
+
+- [JSON for Motoko](https://github.com/aviate-labs/json.mo): Motoko JSON library.
+
+- [motoko-library-template](https://github.com/kritzcreek/motoko-library-template): Template for creating Motoko libraries.
+
+- [Motoko Pilot](https://d7dm6-sqaaa-aaaag-qcgma-cai.icp0.io/): An AI tool for writing Motoko.
+
+- [Motoko starter](https://github.com/motoko-bootcamp/motoko-starter): Basic starter template for Motoko projects.
+
+- [Vite + React + Motoko template](https://github.com/rvanasa/vite-react-motoko): Boilerplate template for Vite, React, and Motoko.
+
+- [Visual Studio Code Motoko extension](https://github.com/dfinity/vscode-motoko): A VS Code extension for Motoko.
+
+
+## Education resources
+
+- [Awesome Motoko](https://github.com/ic123-xyz/awesome-motoko): A list of Motoko projects, tools, and resources.
+
+- [DFINITY Examples](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko): Simple Motoko sample projects and templates.
+
+- [ICP developer journey](https://internetcomputer.org/docs/current/tutorials/developer-journey/): A 36-part series focused on Motoko development for ICP canisters.
+
+- [Motoko Auction summer camp example](https://github.com/luc-blaeser/auction).
+
+- [Motoko book](https://github.com/Web3NL/motoko-book): An educational book on Motoko.
+
+- [Motoko Bootcamp](https://github.com/motoko-bootcamp/education): Lessons and lectures on Motoko development.

doc/md/getting-started/motoko-introduction.md

@@ -94,36 +94,3 @@ For scenarios that can’t be solved using stable variables alone, Motoko provid
 ## Getting started
 
 Get started with Motoko by [setting up your developer environment](dev-env.md) and creating a simple [Hello, world!](quickstart.md) program.
-
-## Sample apps
-
-
-For projects that use the Motoko programming language, see [Motoko sample projects](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko).
-
--   [Calculator: simple functions](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko/calc)
-
--   [Counter](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko/counter)
-
--   [Echo](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko/echo)
-
--   [Factorial](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko/factorial)
-
--   [Hello, cycles](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko/hello_cycles)
-
--   [Hello, world](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko/hello-world)
-
--   [Game of Life: upgrades](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko/life)
-
--   [Phone book](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko/phone-book)
-
--   [Publish and subscribe](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko/pub-sub)
-
--   [Quicksort](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko/quicksort)
-
--   [Random maze using cryptographic randomness](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko/random_maze)
-
--   [To-do checklist](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko/simple-to-do)
-
--   [Superheroes database](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko/superheroes)
-
--   [whoami](https://github.com/dfinity/examples/tree/master/motoko/whoami)

doc/md/reference/error-codes.md

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ sidebar_position: 6
 | Error code | Error description |
 |------------|-------------------|
 | M0001      | Parsing errors    |
+| M0003      | Module tried to import itself |
 | M0009      | File not found for import |
 | M0010      | Imported package was not defined |
 | M0014      | Non-static expression in library or module |
@@ -37,8 +38,20 @@ sidebar_position: 6
 | M0112      | Tuple pattern cannot consume type |
 | M0116      | Variant pattern cannot consume type |
 | M0126      | Shared function cannot be private |
+| M0137      | A type or class was declared that explicitly or implicitly references an outer type parameter. |
 | M0139      | Inner actor classes are not supported |
 | M0141      | Forbidden declaration in program |
 | M0145      | Pattern does not cover value |
+| M0149      | An immutable record field (declared without `var`) was supplied where a mutable record field (specified with `var`), was expected. |
+| M0150      | A mutable record field (declared with `var`) was supplied where an immutable record field (specified without `var`) was expected. |
+| M0151      | A object literal is missing some fields. |
+| M0153      | An imported Candid file (.did) mentions types that cannot be represented in Motoko. |
 | M0154      | Deprecation annotation |
 | M0155      | Inferred type Nat for subtraction |
+| M0156      | A parameterized type definition, or set of type definitions, is too complicated for Motoko to accept. |
+| M0157      | A type definition, or set of type definitions, is ill-defined. |
+| M0158      | A public class was declared without providing it with a name. |
+| M0194      | An identifier was defined without referencing it later. |
+| M0195      | A function that demands elevated (system) capabilities was called without manifestly passing the capability. |
+| M0197      | A function that requires (system) capabilities was called in a context that does not provide them. |
+| M0198      | A field identifier was specified in an object pattern without referencing this identifier later. |

doc/md/stable-memory/stablememory.md

@@ -103,3 +103,13 @@ Because `StableLog` allocates and maintains its (potentially large) log data dir
 - [`memory-buffer`](https://mops.one/memory-buffer): Persistent buffer implementation.
 
 - [`memory-hashtable`](https://mops.one/memory-hashtable): A library for storing, updating, deleting, and retrieving a single blob-value per key.
+
+## Samples
+
+- [motoko-bucket](https://github.com/PrimLabs/Bucket): A key value database library that uses stable memory.
+
+- [motoko-cdn](https://github.com/gabrielnic/motoko-cdn): An auto-scaling storage solution.
+
+- [motoko-dht](https://github.com/enzoh/motoko-dht): A distributed hash table sample.
+
+- [motoko-document-db](https://github.com/DepartureLabsIC/motoko-document-db): A document database sample.