C++

Learn C++ and Learn it well!

A statement is equivalent to a sentence in C++ and instead of it being terminated with a period '.', it is terminated by a ';'.

Variables can have a variety of types:

1. Integers (int), a variable type stores only single integers with 'no' decimals. Must be at least 16 bits long
2. Character (char), refers to a 'single' character like 'a' and is 8 bits long
3. float, stores floating point values such as '3.14' - usually 32bits long
4. doubles, similar to floats but with twice the precision - usually 64 bits long
5. Boolean (bool), stores true/false values
6. void, cannot store data directly, but acts a bit like a place holder, represents the absence of type
7. wchar_t, a wide character type

Statements

1. there are 3 types of statements:
   • assignment statements
   • declaration statements
   • output statements

Note: before a variable can be used, it must first be 'declared' with a declaration statement. A declaration statement gives a name and type to a place in memory where a specific 'value' is held: ex. + Declaration Statement - double y;

+ Assignment Statement 
 - y = 20.5;

+ Output Statement
 - std::cout << y; 

+ When a declaration and assignment happens at the 'same' time, this is called 'initialization'. 
  - double y = 20.5; 

+ variables can also be 'declared' together like:
  - double x,y,z; which declares x,y,z as double or decimal numbers